
Civil LitigationItaly2023An Italian construction firm specialising in luxury commercial-building interiors, with project experience across Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. The client had been engaged by a Vietnamese hospitality-developer to deliver the architectural finish-out and interior design for a new boutique hotel in Da Nang, value approximately USD 9.5M. Contract drafted on a modified FIDIC Yellow Book template, governed by Vietnamese law, with provincial-court dispute resolution.
The contractor delivered the project on schedule and was issued a final completion certificate by the project's Vietnamese architect-of-record. Of the contract value, approximately USD 5.5M had been paid through milestone payments. The final USD 4M, due thirty days after the completion certificate, was withheld by the developer.
The developer's stated grounds: a list of approximately 40 alleged minor defects, mostly cosmetic (paint touch-ups, hardware adjustments, minor finish blemishes), valued by the developer at approximately USD 800K. The contractor had inspected each cited item and either remedied them or, where the items had not in fact existed at handover, documented the position. The contractor offered a USD 50K final reduction as a goodwill gesture.
The developer rejected the offer and asserted that the alleged defects supported full retention of the USD 4M. Contemporaneously, the developer began discussing the project publicly in terms that the contractor considered defamatory, suggesting the project had quality issues that did not exist. The contractor was concerned about its reputation in the Vietnamese market and across its broader Asian portfolio.
We filed a civil claim at the Provincial People's Court in Da Nang for the unpaid USD 4M plus contractual interest, plus damages for delayed payment. The defence we prepared anticipated the developer's defect claims with a comprehensive evidentiary file: the architect-of-record's completion certificate; photographs and video walk-throughs of the entire project at handover; the contractor's response log to each cited 'defect' with photographs documenting the actual condition or remediation; and independent expert reports on the alleged remaining issues.
We also filed an application for an interim asset-freeze under Article 114 of the Civil Procedure Code, citing the developer's apparent unwillingness to pay and the risk of further dissipation of the project funds. The asset freeze was granted within twelve days and immediately changed the dispute's dynamic.
At the first court-annexed mediation conference, we presented the case file and proposed a settlement at 95% of the outstanding amount plus contractual interest. The developer's counsel asked for time to review. At the second mediation conference six weeks later, the developer agreed in principle but proposed a payment schedule over twelve months. We countered with payment within 45 days at 95% — non-negotiable. The court endorsed the structure and a binding settlement was concluded.
The contractor recovered USD 3.8M (95% of the outstanding amount) plus contractual interest of approximately USD 110K, paid within 45 days of settlement. The asset freeze was lifted on the first scheduled payment.
More importantly for the contractor's broader position, the rapid resolution and the substantive vindication of its work product preserved its reputation in Vietnam and across Southeast Asia. The contractor has subsequently been engaged on three additional Vietnamese projects, two of which were referred by the same Vietnamese-developer group despite the dispute.
Construction disputes in Vietnam reward thorough contemporaneous documentation. The contractor's discipline of photographing the project at handover and logging each defect-claim response made the substantive case all but unanswerable. Architect-of-record certification, properly obtained at the time, is one of the strongest pieces of evidence available. As in many construction matters, the dispute's centre of gravity shifts decisively when the unpaid contractor demonstrates both willingness and ability to litigate; settlement at near-full value followed quickly.
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